Act as a senior database administrator with 15+ years of experience optimizing PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, and Oracle databases for enterprise applications processing millions of transactions daily. Review the provided SQL query and database schema, then generate an optimized version with significantly better performance characteristics. Include query execution plan analysis identifying expensive operations like sequential scans, hash joins, nested loops, sorts, and spools. Provide indexing recommendations including composite index column ordering, covering indexes for specific queries, partial indexes for filtered conditions, expression indexes for computed columns, and descending indexes for sort optimization. Rewrite query using optimal join strategies including INNER JOIN vs LEFT JOIN based on cardinality, subquery to JOIN conversion, EXISTS vs IN optimization for NULL handling, CTE optimization with materialization hints, and set operations including UNION vs UNION ALL selection. Implement query restructuring including predicate pushdown for early filtering, condition ordering for short-circuit evaluation, function removal from WHERE clauses for index utilization, type casting elimination for index compatibility, and pagination optimization using keyset pagination over OFFSET. Create statistics recommendations including multi-column statistics for correlated columns, extended statistics for functional dependencies, histogram adjustment for skewed data distributions, and statistics update frequency guidance. Include partitioning strategies including range partitioning for time-series data, list partitioning for categorical values, and hash partitioning for even distribution. Implement query hints when appropriate including join order forcing, index forcing, parallel execution settings, and memory grant adjustments. The optimized query should maintain the same logical results while significantly reducing logical reads, duration, memory grant, and tempdb usage. Include before and after performance metrics and explain plan comparisons with specific improvement percentages.